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The English Civil War

The English Civil War. 1629-1660. The Stuart Monarchy. Causes of the War. James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England in 1603 He agreed to uphold the Protestant religion He wrote the King James version of the Bible - Authorized Version Firm believer in Divine Right of Kings.

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The English Civil War

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  1. The English Civil War 1629-1660

  2. The Stuart Monarchy

  3. Causes of the War • James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England in 1603 • He agreed to uphold the Protestant religion • He wrote the King James version of the Bible - Authorized Version • Firm believer in Divine Right of Kings

  4. James I [r. 1603-1625] James I’s speech to the House of Commons: I am surprised that my ancestors should ever be permitted such an institution to come into existence. I am a stranger, and found it here when I arrived, so that I am obliged to put up with what I cannot get rid of!

  5. King James Bible, 1611

  6. Charles I 1625-1649 • Signed Petition of Rights led to problems • A) no taxes w/o consent of Parliament • B) no martial law • C) no quartering of troops • D) no imprisonment w/o specific charge

  7. The Petition of Rights, 1628 “The Stuart Magna Carta”

  8. Charles I [r. 1625-1649]

  9. Dissolution of Parliament • 1629 -1640 Charles didn’t summon Parl. - he thought the could rule by himself • Reinstated Star Chamber • Appointed Archbishop Laud to enforce changes with the church - Common Prayer Book • Enforced ship money • Married RC French princess - Henrietta Maria • Fought with Scots (KIRK - Church)

  10. Ship Money Assessments, 1636[per square mile]

  11. Archbishop William Laud

  12. 1640 - Long Parliament • Charles needed money so he had to recall Parl. - this upset many people. • Charles went to Parl. To arrest 5 MP’s -(Black Rod)“I see the bird’s have flown”

  13. Civil War (1621-1649) Royalists(Cavaliers) Parliamentarians(Roundheads) • House of Lords • N & W England • Aristocracy • Large landowners • Church officials • More rural, less prosperous • House of Commons • S & E England • Puritans • Merchants • Townspeople • More urban , more prosperous

  14. Cavaliers • Supporters of the King

  15. Roundheads • Supported Parliament. • Name comes from the shape of the haircut. • Mainly Puritans

  16. Oliver Cromwell • Puritan leader of New Model Army. • Signed the King’s death warrant • Became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth - (Republic) 1649 - 1658. • Invited to become King - refused. • Bad reputation in Ireland - hated to this day. • Followed by Richard Cromwell - weak

  17. New Model Army Soldier’s Catechism

  18. Battle of Naseby • Decisive battle of the war - 1645. • Parliament’s first victory

  19. Rump Parliament • This was the name given to the members of Parliament who were left after the Scottish Presbyterians were kicked out b/c they wanted to do a deal with the king. • The Rump were responsible for signing the king’s death warrant

  20. Execution of Charles I 1649

  21. 3 Faces of Charles

  22. Oliver Cromwell [1599-1658]The “Interregnum” Period [1649-1660] • The Commonwealth(1649-1653) • The Protectorate(1654-1660)

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