The English Civil War

1. The English Civil War Alice Thairu, Emily Powell, Lindy Watkins, Aubrey Smith, & Joanne Huling

2. English Civil War • The English Civil was a conflict between King Charles I and his Parliament. • It was bloody and, many people were killed in the battle. • The separation between Charles I and parliament was a result of neither side not willing to back down over the principles that they held and war was inevitable as a way in which all of the problems could be solved.

3. During the war • In December of 1689 a Bill of Rights' was confirmed by an act of parliament • In 1694 Bank of England is established to manage mounting debts

4. Battles during the war • There were only three major battles in the English Civil War – Edge Hill (1642) Marston Moor (1644) and Naseby (1645).

5. Edge Hill • The first major battle of the English Civil War was at Edge Hill. While both sides claimed success, there was no decisive result from this battle. The following year, 1643, saw a series of smaller battles that were equally as indecisive in the sense that neither side dealt a fatal blow to the other. • In 1643, Oliver Cromwell came more and more to the fore with his desire for a New Model Army. This new force was to have a decisive impact on the course of the English Civil War.

6. Marston Moor • In 1644, Charles lost control of the north of England as a result of a major defeat at the Battle of Marston Moor. The combined armies of Parliament and the Scots heavily defeated the Royalists.

7. Naseby • In June 1645, Cromwell’s New Model Army inflicted a fatal blow to the king’s army at the Battle of Naseby. Charles did not recover from this defeat and his cause was lost.

8. Effects • Charles was executed on January 30th, 1649. • The wars left England, Scotland, and Ireland among the few countries in Europe without a monarch • After Charles’s execution (1649-60) England was a Republic called ‘the Commonwealth’. At first Parliament ruled the country, but in 1653 Oliver Cromwell dismissed Parliament and ruled as ‘Protector’. • The Army became important, and under the Protectorate (1653-1660), England was governed by eleven Major-Generals’ – Cromwell’s government was a military dictatorship.

9. Effects continued • The Puritans became powerful. During the Protectorate, churches were required to be plain and serious, and dancing, the theatre, pubs, gambling, Maypoles and even Christmas were banned • In 1660, Charles I was declared to be a saint by the Church of England while the Protectorate collapsed, and Charles’s son Charles II was restored to the throne, still only with the consent of Parliament.