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(The English Revolution). THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR. IMPORTANT LEADERS. Charles I – King of England Believed in the divine right of kings Did not want to work with Parliament Oliver Cromwell – Leader of the Puritans Military genius that led the New Model Army
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(The English Revolution) THE ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
IMPORTANT LEADERS • Charles I – King of England • Believed in the divine right of kings • Did not want to work with Parliament • Oliver Cromwell – Leader of the Puritans • Military genius that led the New Model Army • Believed he was doing battle for God
CAUSES OF THE WAR • Political – The king did not want to work with Parliament, because he believed in the divine right of kings. Parliament passed a petition without the king’s approval • Economic – The king wanted to raise taxes without Parliament’s consent • Social – Religious conflict between the King and the Puritans over increased ritual in the Church of England
POLITICAL GROUPS • Cavaliers – supporters of the king • Also known as Royalists • Wanted a strong monarchy • Roundheads – parliamentary forces • Wanted a strong Parliament • Wanted a more protestant form of religion
IMPORTANT EVENTS • Rump Parliament • Parliament that was left after Cromwell purged it (got rid) of any members that did not support him • 1649 • January 30, Cromwell and the Rump Parliament had Charles I executed • Commonwealth • The Republican form of government that was put in place by Cromwell after the monarchy was abolished • Dictatorship • Cromwell abolished Parliament and set up a military dictatorship. He ruled until his death in 1658.
HOW MUCH DID THE COUNTRY TRULY CHANGE AFTER THE REVOLUTION? • Not much. England basically traded a monarch for a military dictator. • The only thing that really changed under Cromwell was the church, since the Church of England under Cromwell gained more Puritan influence.
AFTER THE REVOLUTION • The Restoration: After Cromwell’s death, Parliament reconvened and restored the monarchy. They invited Charles II (son of Charles I) to return to England if he would agree that Parliament could keep much of its power • The Glorious Revolution: After James II (Charles II’s brother) came to the throne, Parliament was concerned about his being a Catholic and having Catholic heirs. A group of nobles invited the Dutch leader, William of Orange, and his wife, Mary (daughter of James II) to rule England jointly. When they arrived in England with their army, James II fled to France and William and Mary took over with almost no bloodshed.
THE ENLISH BILL OF RIGHTS • Signed in 1689 by William and Mary • It set forth Parliament’s right to make laws and levy taxes, and consent to raising standing armies • The rights of citizens were protected • It laid the foundation for a limited, or constitutional, monarchy