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The English Civil War

The English Civil War. A fight for Democracy. Why the Stuarts?. When Queen Elizabeth I (to the right) passed she had no heirs to the throne. This gave power to relatives of the Scotland Tudors – The Stuarts. Absolute Monarchs – A king, queen, emperor, or empress with unlimited power

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The English Civil War

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  1. The English Civil War A fight for Democracy

  2. Why the Stuarts? • When Queen Elizabeth I (to the right) passed she had no heirs to the throne. • This gave power to relatives of the Scotland Tudors – The Stuarts.

  3. Absolute Monarchs – A king, queen, emperor, or empress with unlimited power • Divine Right of Kings – Powers of the kings came directly from God. King was God’s representative on earth. • Tyrant – A cruel and unjust ruler

  4. James 1 • First of the Stuart dynasty • Believed in absolute monarchy and the Divine Right of Kings • His new subjects did not look kindly upon him

  5. Problems with James • He was in constant conflict with parliament over: • Money • Religion • Foreign Policy

  6. Money Issues • He was always in need of money • Parliament would only give him money in exchange for more parliamentary powers

  7. Foreign Policy Issues • Selected many incompetent advisors • Failed to support Protestants outside of Great Britain that were engaged in religious wars.

  8. Religious Issues • James was allied with the Church of England and disliked many of the Puritan ways • He came up with many ways of angering the Puritans

  9. Charles I • When Kings James I died his son Charles I was named king. • He also believed in the Divine Right of Kings and was not willing to compromise with parliament. • He was always in need of money and would not accept any conditions of parliament • Married a Catholic princess from France

  10. Question TIME!

  11. What could possibly be bad about Charles I marrying a Catholic princess from France?

  12. Early Parliament

  13. Conflict with Parliament - Money • Brought back ancient fees and taxes • Forced people to make loans to the Crown • Charged custom fees known as tunnage and poundage • Used the Court of Star Chamber to fine people • Sold noble titles

  14. Other Conflicts with Parliament • Charles tried to rule without parliament for as long as possible • Parliament told the king they would give him no more money unless he stopped his illegal activities and signed the Petition of Right • Main focus was giving people the right to a trial and not be imprisoned unlawfully • Charles did not like this and dissolved parliament

  15. Question TIME!

  16. What is the biggest reason that Charles and James continue to have conflict with parliament?

  17. Break time!

  18. Go through your notes and write down any questions you may have. • Discuss these questions with your classmates

  19. The Long Parliament • Charles needed more money to pay for soldiers to assist with a revolt in Scotland • Parliament sided with the Scots and were again dissolved

  20. Long Parliament cont. • A new parliament was called and became known as the Long Parliament • They wanted Charles’ advisors be removed and punished • Began to plan the Grand Remonstrance that would remove many of the kings powers and change the role he played in government.

  21. Long Parliament cont. • Parliament had the challenge of trying to figure out how much power the king should have and how many rights they could take away from the monarch. • The house of commons became divided • Radicals wanted to take away most of the kings powers • Others wanted a guarantee that the king would rule lawfully • The Grand Remonstrance barely passed. • Charles attacked the House of commons and established a war on parliament

  22. Final Thoughts… • Reflect back on what you have learned today. What did you find interesting? What surprised you? What questions do you have or were thinking of during the lesson?

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