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KOMUNIKASI WIRELESS

KOMUNIKASI WIRELESS. Sukiswo sukiswok@yahoo.com. Pendahuluan. Tujuan : menjelaskan dasar-dasar komunikasi wireless. Outline. Komunikasi Wireless / Nirkabel Pemanfaatan Komunikasi Nirkabel Macam2 Komunikasi Nirkabel Standard Komunikasi Nirkabel Evolusi Komunikasi Nirkabel

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KOMUNIKASI WIRELESS

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  1. KOMUNIKASI WIRELESS Sukiswo sukiswok@yahoo.com TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  2. Pendahuluan • Tujuan : menjelaskan dasar-dasar komunikasi wireless TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  3. Outline • Komunikasi Wireless / Nirkabel • Pemanfaatan Komunikasi Nirkabel • Macam2 Komunikasi Nirkabel • Standard Komunikasi Nirkabel • Evolusi Komunikasi Nirkabel • Kontent & Aplikasi • Spektrum Frekuensi • Frekuensi Carrier / Kanal • Mode Komunikasi TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  4. Komunikasi Nirkabel • Sistem Komunikasi menggunakan frekuensi/spektrum radio, yang memungkinkan transmisi (pengiriman/penerimaan) informasi (suara, data, gambar, video) tanpa koneksi fisik • Dibedakan dari sistem transmisi yang memerlukan koneksi fisik, seperti kabel/kawat tembaga atau fiber optik • Bersifat tetap (fixed) atau bergerak (mobile) • Dibatasi oleh ketersediaan spektrum (pita frekuensi), karena adanya interferensi (saling mengganggu) jika digunakan bersama TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  5. Komunikasi Nirkabel TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  6. Komunikasi Nirkabel • Komunikasi menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik • Gelombang elektromagnetik • Kecepatan cahaya (c = 3x108 m/s) • Memiliki frekuensi (f) dan panjang gelombang (l) • c = f x l • Penggunaan frekuensi lebih tinggi umumnya medium meredam lebih besar TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  7. Komunikasi Nirkabel • Dapat dilakukan “dimana saja” (mobile) • Bisa bersifat lebih personal • Dibatasi oleh sifat antarmuka terminal: • Layar kecil (ponsel) sampai menengah (laptop) • Tombol terbatas • Daya terbatas TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  8. Klasifikasi Komunikasi Nirkabel TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  9. Pemanfaatan Teknologi Nirkabel • Layanan Bersifat tetap (fixed): • Penggunaan sekitar rumah (Cordless-DECT) • Sambungan lokal (wireless local loop-WLL) • Bluetooth: jarak pendek, kecepatan rendah • WiFi: jarang menengah, kecepatan cukup tinggi • WIMAX: jarak jauh, kecepatan tinggi • Satellite: jangkauan luas, kecepatan menengah • RFID: jangkauan sangat kecil • Layanan Bersifat bergerak (mobile): • Limited Mobility (Flexi) • Cellular (GSM, CDMA, 3G) • Satellite (GMPCS) TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  10. Degree of mobility UMTS Driving CDMA Systems beyond 3G >2010 GSMGPRS UMTS Walking HSDPA EV-DO EV-DV EDGE IEEE802.16e FlashOFDM (802.20) Standing DECT WLAN(IEEE 802.11x) IEEE802.16a,d BlueTooth 0.1 1 10 100 Mbps User data rate Macam2 Teknologi Nirkabel TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  11. RFID (AutoID Center) Sensors IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance) (BAN) BAN: Body Area Network RAN IEEE 802.22 WAN 3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e MAN IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19 IEEE 802.16d WiMAX ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS LAN ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2 IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance PAN IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA ETSI HiperPAN Standard Nirkabel TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  12. 1st Generation 2nd Generation 3rd Generation 4th Generation Generation (Cellular) Voice & High speed data Multimedia Analog voice Digital voice & Low rate data ALL-IP Broadband Ubiquitous & Seamless WLAN++ 1000 WLAN+ 802.11n, etc. 4G Maximum transmission rate TRmax（Mbps） WiMAX 100 UWB, etc. WLAN 802.11a,HiSWANa, HIPERLAN2, etc. 3G+ HSDPA, cdma2000(3X), etc. Nomadic 10 Bluetooth, etc. 3G W-CDMA, Cdma2000, etc. 1 Local 0.1 2G+ PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. Mobile 2G PDC,GSM,PHS, etc. 0.01 ～1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 Year System Evolution Scenario TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  13. GSM Evolution GSM CS Up to 9,6 Kbps GSM GPRS Up to 115 kbps UMTS Up to 2 Mbps or 384 in mobility GSM HSCSD Up to 38,4kbps 2G 3G 2.5G EDGE Operators prefer choose direct going to GPRS technology rather than going to GSM HSCSD technology because no HSCSD handset availability and short time stage TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  14. CDMA Standards Evolution IS-2000 1X 144 Kbps 600 Kbps peak IS-95A CDMA Voice, packet- 9.6/14.4 Kbps IS-95B CDMA Voice, packet- 64 Kbps IS-2000 1XEV-DO 600 Kbps; 2.4 Kbps peak IS-2000 1XEV-DV 2-5 Mbps peak All IP CDMA2000 PCN/Mobile IP CDMA2000 Interworking function cdmaOne Source: CDMA2000-A world view TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  15. IMT-2000 (Family of Standards) IMT-2000 Terrestrial Radio Interfaces IMT-2000 CDMA Direct Spread IMT-2000 CDMA Multi Carrier IMT-2000 CDMA TDD IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier IMT-2000 FDMA/ TDMA WCDMA (UMTS) CDMA2000 1X and 3X UTRA TDD And TD-SCDMA UWC-136/ EDGE DECT CDMA TDMA FDMA TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  16. Content & Aplikasi TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  17. 104 102 100 10-2 10-4 10-6 10-8 10-10 10-12 10-14 10-16 Radio Spectrum Microwave IR UV X-Rays Cosmic Rays 104 106 108 1010 1012 1014 1016 1018 1020 1022 1024 1MHz ==100m100MHz ==1m 10GHz ==1cm Visible light < 30 KHz VLF30-300KHz LF 300KHz – 3MHz MF3 MHz – 30MHz HF 30MHz – 300MHz VHF 300 MHz – 3GHz UHF 3-30GHz SHF > 30 GHz EHF Spektrum frekuensi Alokasi Frekeunsi ! TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  18. Contoh : panjang gelombang • GSM : • Frekuensi ~= 900 Mhz • Panjang gelombang ~= 33cm • PCS • Frekuensi ~= 1.8 Ghz • Panjang gelombang ~= 17.5 cm • Bluetooth: • Frekuensi ~= 2.4Gz • Panjang gelombang ~= 12.5cm TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  19. Frequency Carrier/Kanal • Informasi yang dikirim menuju receiver dilewatkan pada band frekuensi tertentu. • Disebut sebagai kanal (channel) • Tiap kanal memiliki bandwidth yang tetap (dalam KHz) dan kapasitas (bit-rate) • Band frekuensi yang berbeda (atau kanal) dapat digunakan untuk mentransmisikan informasi secara paralel dan independen (konsep multiple access). TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  20. Example • Assume a spectrum of 90KHz is allocated over a base frequency b for communication between stations A and B • Assume each channel occupies 30KHz. • There are 3 channels • Each channel is simplex (Transmission occurs in one way) • For full duplex communication: • Use two different channels (front and reverse channels) • Use time division in a channel Station A Channel 1 (b - b+30) Station B Channel 2 (b+30 - b+60) Channel 3 (b+60 - b+90) TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  21. Simplex Communication • Normally, on a channel, a station can transmit only in one way. • This is called simplex transmision • To enable two-way communication (called full-duplex communication) • We can use Frequency Division Multiplexing • We can use Time Division Multiplexing TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  22. Duplex Communication - FDD • FDD: Frequency Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M Forward Channel Reverse Channel Forward Channel and Reverse Channel use different frequency bands TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  23. Duplex Communication - TDD • TDD: Time Division Duplex Base Station B Mobile Terminal M M B M B M B A singe frequency channel is used. The channel is divided into time slots. Mobile station and base station transmits on the time slots alternately. TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  24. Example - Frequency Spectrum Allocation in U.S. Cellular Radio Service Reverse Channel Forward Channel 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 991 992 … 1023 1 2 … 799 824-849 MHz 869-894 MHz Channel Number Center Frequency (MHz) Reverse Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N + 825.0 0.030(N-1023) + 825.0 Forward Channel 1 <=N <= 799 991 <= N <= 1023 0.030N + 870.0 0.030(N-1023) + 870.0 (Channels 800-990 are unused) Channel bandwidth is 45 MHz TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  25. What is Mobility • Initially Internet and Telephone Networks is designed assuming the user terminals are static • No change of location during a call/connection • A user terminals accesses the network always from a fixed location • Mobility and portability • Portability means changing point of attachment to the network offline • Mobility means changing point of attachment to the network online TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  26. Degrees of Mobility • Walking Users • Low speed • Small roaming area • Usually uses high-bandwith/low-latency access • Vehicles • High speeds • Large roaming area • Usually uses low-bandwidth/high-latency access • Uses sophisticated terminal equipment (cell phones) TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

  27. The Need for Wireless/Mobile Networking • Demand for Ubiquitous Computing • Anywhere, anytime computing and communication • You don’t have to go to the lab to check your email • Pushing the computers more into background • Focus on the task and life, not on the computer • Use computers seamlesslyto help you and to make your life more easier. • Computers should be location aware • Adapt to the current location, discover services TeknikTelekomunikasi Seluler, Sukiswo ST, MT

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