Evolutii europene in CSDTI …………….

1. Evolutii europene in CSDTI ……………. cu particularizare la noi materiale si noi tehnologii.

2. Preambul • Planul National de Dezvoltare 2007-2013, dupa integrarea Romaniei in UE. • Cresterea competitivitatii economice si dezvoltarea economiei bazate pe cunoastere, care include si CSDTI. • Cuvinte (expresii) cheie: economia bazata pe cunoastere, tehnologii avansate (inalta tehnologie), inovare, retele tehnologice, platforme tehnologice s.a. asemenea (infrastructuri institutionale).

3. Economie bazata pe cunoastere (knowledge-based economy) • In Europa, termenul a devenit mai bine cunoscut dupa declaratia de la Lisabona a Consiliului Europei (2000) care plasa UE in cursa pentru cea mai competitiva economie bazata pe cunoastere. • Progres lent pana in 2004 si revigorarea promisa de noua Comisie Europeana (implicarea guvernelor nationale).

4. Barcelona si 3% din PIB pentru cercetare in UE • Rolul cercetarii finantate din fonduri publice: diseminarea de cunostinte, formarea de specialisti, asigurarea de servicii stiintifice si de instruire, in special pentru intreprinderile inovative. • Problema la scara europeana este mai putin cantitativa (cresterea finantarii din fonduri publice), cat calitativa (utilizarea mai buna a acestor fonduri publice pentru a determina ... cresterea finantarii din fonduri private).

5. Competitivitatea este de neconceput fara inovare. • Nu exista un alt mod de a deveni sau a ramane competitiv in actuala economie decat prin invoarea continua, crearea de noi produse si servicii (care au o piata!). • Inovarea este mai frecventa si mai fecunda in noile tehnologii, dar cresterea complexitatii fenomenelor din economie necesita si noi moduri de inovare.

6. …….. MATNENTECH • Programul MATNATECH (impreuna cu alte trei programe din actualul PNCDI) face parte din categoria celor legate de o economie bazata pe cunoastere. • Exista uneori senzatia ca economia bazata pe cunoastere este legata de anumite domenii, in speta de noile tehnologii.

7. Noile tehnologii • Competitivitatea este intr-adevar bazata intr-o mare masura pe noile tehnologii, dar in egala masura pe modul in care cunoasterea in general este achizionata, generata, „impartasita” (sharing knowledge). • Este vorba nu numai de cunoasterea stiintifica. De exemplu pentru a avea succes pe piata trebuie sa cunosti nevoile consumatorilor, modul lor de a gandi. Inovarea legata de dezvoltarea de noi produse si servicii nu se bazeaza exclusiv pe noile tehnologii.

8. Activele organizatiilor in economia bazata pe cunoastere • Desi noile tehnologii par a fi trasatura distinctiva a noii economii, eficienta si progresul acesteia nu este limitat de tehnologii, ci de modul in care este gestionata cunoasterea (knowledge management). • Modul de organizare al firmelor si al organizatiilor in general. Activele firmelor din „economia bazata pe cunoastere” nu cuprind numai categoriile conventionale ………………. • Apar noi forme de organizare: infrastructuri specifice, cum ar fi retelele (networks) sau platformele tehnologice

9. Caracteristici ale cercetarii stiintifice in epoca actuala. • Tehnologia nu mai este astazi un mestesug, ci este bazata pe cunoastere stiintifica. Aceasta face imposibila separarea dezvoltarii tehnologice de cercetarea stiintifica. • Cercetarea stiintifica devine puternic multidisciplinara, deoarece .... lumea reala este multidisciplinara. Specialistii din diverse discipline trebuie sa dezvolte in comun cunoasterea si sa utilizeze impreuna paradigmele care corespund diverselor discipline. Intr-o mica masura ei mai pot fi instruiti multidisciplinar in universitati. Educarea multidisciplinara profunda inseamna lucrul in comun, in echipe de cercetare multidisciplinare.

10. Exemplu de cercetare multidisciplinara • Este foarte interesant cat de multidisciplinara devine dezvoltarea tehnologiilor de baza in domeniul ICT (Information and Communication Technologies). In momentul de fata, aici domeniile cu care intreactioneaza aceste tehnologii aparent extrem de specializate sunt (propunere pentru PC7): materialele, biologia si stiintele vietii, neurostiintele, stiintele cognitive si chiar stiintele economice si sociale. • Un aspect extrem de important este convergenta tehnologiilor. Baza de cunoastere stiintifica a acestor tehnologii este extrem de complexa. PC6 a ilustrat deja aceasta tendinta. Exemple.

11. Ciclul cunoasterii • Ciclul cunoasterii ea devenit extrem de rapid. Noile cunostiinte se utilizeaza rapid, nu numai in educatie, dar si in economie. Companiile comerciale au nevoie disperata de o noile cunostiinte stiintifice, nu numai de noile tehnologii. • Cercetarea trebuie sa fie interactioneze cu educatia si instruirea. PC7 preconizeaza: a) injectarea unei culturi de cercetare la toate nivelele de educatie, b) includerea in proiectele de cercetare a unor obiective legate de educatie si instruire. • In ceea ce priveste cooperarea intre cercetare si industrie, este importanta crearea unui mediu de cercetare deschis, cu implicarea industriei. In particular industria este importanata pentru indentificarea noilor directii de cercetare aplicativa.

12. CNT (carbon nano-tube) lung≈1,5m, grosime 1-4nm CNT pe oxid (punct de suspensie) CNT pe oxid (punct de suspensie) W (1,2-1,5 m) SURSA DRENA 0,5 m SILICIU POARTA (GATE) Oscilator electromecanic cu nanotub de carbon Paul McEuer (Cornell Univ., Ithaca), Sept. 16, 2004, Nature Reprodus din Micro Nano Oct. 2004, vol. 9, No 10.

13. Platforme tehnologice • Cercetarea stiintifica si dezvoltarea tehnologica reprezinta fenomene globale. Exista competitie, dar si cooperare la scara globala. Asa numita globalizare include si cercetarea stiintifica si dezvoltarea tehnologica. Un fenomen nou este parteneriatul companiilor in cercetarea stiintifica si tehnologica. • Foarte intersant este conceptul de platforma tehnologica (se explica). Platformele regionale si retele sunt de asemenea importante.

14. Ce se intampla in UE cu cercetarea fundamentala? • Ea va fi stimulata in PC7 prin granturi care se vor atribui echipelor individuale de cercetare. Dar dincolo de aceasta, PC7 va sprijini cercetarea orientata, pe baza de colaborare intre diverse institutii, din diverse tari. Dezvoltarile tehnologice necesita un efort major prin cooperare multidisciplinara, antrenand toate stiintele de baza: fizica, chimia, biologia, matematica.

15. Alte eveolutii in PC7 • Se vor dezvolta infrastructurile de cercetare, se vor sprijini in continuare mobilitatile, dar va aparea si coordonarea programelor nationale de cercetare. Cercetarea multidisciplinara este o necesiate. • Dincolo de granitele nationale trebuie promovata excelenta, cooperarea internationala. Pentru noile state membere si tarile candidate, este esentiala imbunatatirea infrastructurilor de cercetare. De asemena, accelerarea proceselor de intergrare a comunitatilor stiintifice in programele de cercertare.

16. Concluzii: sugestii pentru orientarea cercetarii (1) • Tematica cercetarii este esentiala (globalizarea cere ca si cercetarea aplicativa sa fie competitiva) • Cercetare multidisciplinara, orientata spre calitatea vietii, inclusiv securitate, mediu etc. • Cooperarea europeana poate asigura o masa critica si acces la infrastructuri

17. Concluzii: sugestii pentru orientarea cercetarii (2) • Resursele umane sunt esentiale (capital care trebuie valorificat) • Cercetarea trebuie sa interactioneze strans cu educatia si industria • Noi tipuri de infrastructuri pentru cercetare, dar si pentru educatie si inovare • Utilizarea infrastructurii costisitoare in “poli tehnologici” care permit atat activitati de cercetare, cat si de educatie/instruire, dezvoltare tehnologica si valorificare

18. MINOS-EURONET • Micro-NanOSystems EUROpean NETwork pursuing the integration of NMS and ACC in ERA • SSA, IST call 3 • 18 partners (8 from NMS and ACC)

19. Focus on one strategic objective in IST: micro- and nanosystems • The proposal is addressingthe following objectives: • (1) Revealing and promoting the research competences from NMS and ACC, which are relevant for the development of the field of micro-nanosystems at the European scale; • (2) Facilitating the participation of NMS and ACC organisations to EU programmes and other activities in the field of micro-nanosystems; • (3) Performing extensive networking at the pan-European scale in the field of micro-nanosystems.

20. MINOS consortium • The proposal is put forward by 18 partners. The backbone of this powerful consortium is constituted by the Western research organisations which are coordinators of 8 other big projects in FP6. • This cluster is totalling 159 different organisations, which provides a critical mass for pan European networking. This cluster of 8 independent projects is covering a broad spectrum of technologies and applications, requiring broad multidisciplinary science and engineering and displaying an exciting potential of cooperation for NMS and ACC.

21. Activities, organized in four work packages for support activities: • (i) extensive networking, using an integrated communication platform; (ii) creation, maintenance, promotion and linking of databases of researchers, research and industrial organisations, enhancing the visibility of potential partners from NMS and ACC and promoting participation to EU programmes; (iii) the organisation, with the same purpose of brokerage events and seminars, primarily in NMS and ACC, (iv) organisation of three annual editions of a new European research conference devoted to “Microsystems as a platform for integrating technologies”.

22. A network of networks • The characteristic of this project is given by the presence in the project consortium of eight coordinators of big FP6 projects. 5 NoEs and 2 IPs (mostly from IST) are involved. These projects are representing a very powerful cluster, providing a unique pool of potential connections for the human resources in NMS and ACC.

23. GOSPEL (General Olfaction and Sensing Projects on a European Level), NoE in priority 2, IST. • Scientific and technological area: Artificial olfaction: Gas sensor systems realized in MSTechnology; nanostructured sensitive layers; innovative bio-inspired data analysis; integration of electronics with the sensors; microsystem packaging. Application domain: Quantitative assessment of gases and odors; Understanding of the biological sense of smell and mimic its relevant functions. Expected implications: A landscape of European capability in artificial olfaction; identification of services required by industry, development of the offering and putting in place the necessary legal and organisational structures to implement them. GOSPEL will develop multi-disciplinary approaches to this subject through a comprehensive training and exchange programme.

24. PATENT-dfmm (Design for Micro & Nano Manufacture), NoE, in priority 2, IST. • Scientific and technological area: Micro & Nanosystem Technologies. Application domain: Micro and nanotechnology based products. • Expected implications:  Major advances in the performance of communications, transportation and control systems, radical improvements in the accuracy and sensitivity of environmentally sensed data, bio-chemical devices awaited with the potential to improve healthcare and medicine; solving key challenges in the fields of modeling and simulation, test, reliability and package engineering; creation of a “Virtual Institute” for Design for Micromanufacture Methodology DfMM research for M&NT based products.

25. AMICOM (Advanced MEMS for RF and Millimeter Wave Communications), NoE in priority 2, IST. • Scientific and technological area: Micro and Nano Systems. Application domain: Micro and Nano Systems; Mobile and Wireless Systems; safety of road. • Expected implications: AMICOM will solve major technological issues; will develop a generic platform of knowledge to assess smart systems for advanced information and communication applications. The microsystems will feature innovative functionalities, such as circuit redundancy, reconfigurability and power management.

26. GOOD FOOD (Food Safety and Quality with Microsystems), IP in priority 2, IST. • Scientific and technological area: Micro and Nanotechnology (MST and M&NT): Micro fluidic system for residue concentration; Integrated optical sensor combined with smart CMOS camera detector; Gas sensors array based on metal oxide and cantilevers; Single chip array of gas sensors on micro machined membranes; Electronic tongue. • Application domain: Food safety and quality: fast antibiotics residues screening; Pesticide detection; detection of toxigenic fungi using molecular markers (DNA); Detection of Food borne pathogens; Multisensing Microsystems integration for food control. • Expected implications: Developing the new generation of analytical methods based on Micro and Nanotechnology (MST and M&NT) solutions for the safety and quality of food.

27. HEALTHY AIMS (Nano scale materials and sensors and microsystems for medical implants improving health and quality of life), IP prior.IST. • Scientific and technological area: Technologies involved: RF Communications and power source for implanting into the human; Biocompatible materials; Micro-electrodes; Micro-assembly techniques, Sensors and actuators to fit inside the body. Application domain: New implantable medical devices: Cochlear implant; Retina implant and glaucoma sensor; FES for upper and lower limbs; Artificial intra-urethral sphincter; Sphincter sensor; Intracranial pressure sensor for long term implant (>10 years). Expected implications: Usage of microsystems and nanotechnology in the medical sector, thus ultimately improving the quality of life for citizens across Europe.

28. 4M (Material Micro Manufacture: Technologies and Applications), NoE in priority 3, NMP. • Scientific and technological area: Micro- and Nano- Technology. Application domain: New generation of sensors, actuators and systems for safety and security of people and environment. • Expected implications: Development of Micro-and Nano-Technology (MNT) for batch-manufacture of micro-components and devices into user-friendly production equipment, processes and manufacturing platforms. 4M will unify the currently fragmented European R&D expertise on non-silicon microtech into a European Centre for MNT process and product development.

29. Nano2Life (Bringing NANOtechnologies TO LIFE), NoE, priority 3, NMP. • Scientific and technological area: Nanobiotechnology area of complex and integrated novel sensor technologies. • Application domain: Health care, pharmaceuticals, environment, security, food safety, etc. The network support the development of nanoparticles and nanofluidics handling, integrated systems: cells, lab-on-chip. Expected implications: To make Europe a leader in nanobiotechnology transfer, to keep Europe as a competitive partner the field of nanobiotechnology. Nano2Life intends to tackle fragmentation, to durably integrate organizations, to interface two worlds: nano and bio, to translate science into economic benefits and educate society about nanobiotech.

30. ASSEMIC (Advanced Methods and Tools for Handling and Assembly in Microtechnology),Training by Research Network, Marie Curie actions. • Scientific and technological area: Micro-handling and –assembly: New tools and systems for ultra precision positioning accuracy (micro- and nano-range); Industrial production issues and manufacturability of assembled MEMS. • Application domain: Assembly of MEMS; biological applications. Expected implications: The development of a number of system and tools prototypes for handling and assembly in MST, various micro grippers and a haptic interface device for telemanipulation; enhancement of the quality of European research training in the field of Micro-handling and assembly.

31. …and more These projects, tightly connected to the MINOS project (see also section B.3) were selected for their connection with certain application domains such as health (Healthy Man), food industry (Good Food), environment and security (GOSPEL), communications (AMICOM), which are connected to priorities and needs of NMS and ACC. Moreover, another factor was their connection to new materials in microtechnologies (4M), micro-nano (PATENT), nano-bio (Nano2Life) and micro-nano-bio (ASSEMIC) focus. • The orientation towards mixed technologies, or converging technologies (see above) will be an important feature of the activity. • Extremely representative for this evolution it is the presence in the above cluster of two NoEs from NMP, namely 4M and Nano2Life, whereas two others: Nanofun-Poly and Inside.Pores accepted to be associated to the above cluster. So did also SENSATION, an IP from IST (again micro-nanosystems).