Formation of the Kazakh nationality. Ethnonim “ Kazakh”. Kazakh zhuzes .

1. Formation of the Kazakh nationality.Ethnonim“Kazakh”. Kazakh zhuzes. Lecture 12+13

2. Brief contents: 1. Process of formation of Kazakh khanate. 2 .General periods of formation of Kazakh nation 3.Ethnonim “Kazakh”. Kazakh zhuzes.

3. 1. Process of formation of Kazakh khanate. The concrete course of formation of Kazakh Khanate is connected to an internal political condition of two states - Abulkhair Khanate and Mogulistan

4. The political situation inside of Abulkair khanate : • Coming to power AbulkhairKhan in 1428 y. actively began to unite the parts of UlugUlus. But he constantly failed. • In 1457 y. Abulkhair-khan has suffered from them severe defeat and ran from a battlefield, the position of the Kazakh kins and tribes became more constrained, after defeat of Abulkhairkhan by oirats. • Sultans Zhanibek and Girey quarreled with Abulkhair and struggled against the Shaibanids for restoration of power of the Ak-Horde khans dynasty.

5. Zhanibek and Kerei are founders of K k.

6. Political reasons of formation of Kazakh khanate I. Dissatisfaction of policy of Abulkair khan II. Back roam of sultans Zhanibek and Kerei from Abulkair in 1465/66 y. III.Separation of territories ‘s EsenBuga (west outskirts of Mogukistan) to sultans Zhanibek and Kerei IV. Back roam of tribes ( about 200 thousand ) V. Death of Abulkair in 1468 y. VI. Conquering of Zhanibekand Kerei territory of Abulkhair state.

7. 1465/66- data of formation of Kazakh khanate

8. Muhammad HaidarDulati (1500-1551) The historian, military leader, governor of Kashmir, poet, author of historian work “Tarikh and Rashidi”.

9. Monument of M.H.Dulati in Taraz city

10. 2 .General periods of formation of Kazakh nation6 periods 1 period-Bronze age The ancient tribes of the Bronze Age with the Andronethno cultural appearances with Indo-European language, with European features factuallywere one of the far physical forbears forms of the Kazakh people. 2 period –Saka (Iron age) In this period the ancient Kazakhstan by its existence became the center of dissemination of so called «nomadic tribes » characteristic of all Eurasian steppes, i. e. –saka, looking like European shape.

11. 3 period –Hunnu As a result of “Great resettlement of people”, which have begun hunnuEthnic map of Eurasia had changed. Hunnyhave for the first time brought on territory Kazakhstan Mongolian type .After hunnu invasion local European tribes hade now by half Mongolian type in its appearance. 4 period-Turk period (VI-XII cc.) In the Turkic period the vast territory of Kazakhstan for thousands years became bridge between East and West.Since that time vast territory of the Great Steppe became Turkestan, i. e. the country of the Turkic. Among the numerous Turkic tribes, such as Ogyzesand Kypchaksplayed the most important role in ethno-political aspect.

12. 5 period –Mongolian invasions (XIII c.) The Conquest of Chingiskhan has stopped process of the formation of Kazakh nationality and has rejected this process on 150 -200 years back. The Mongolian conquests have definitively bolted Mongolian types in external look of Turkic tribes . Gradually Mongols themselves disappeared among numerous Turkic tribes , have taken their language, customs .

13. 6 period- Formation own of Kazak nationality- XIV-XV cc. The Revival of ethnic relationships between such state, as Ak Horde, Abulkhair state, Mogulistanand Nogai Horde. So far as representatives of given tribes had a general Turkic line- language, custom, traditions, related relationship. Kazaks phenotypic ap­pearance finally formed not last than in the XIV— XV cc. on the basis of compound and long interaction of both large races — autochthonous European and Mongo­lian tribes came afterwards.

14. On the historical map appearance Kazakh khanate and Kazakhs

15. 3.Ethnonim “Kazakh”. Kazakh zhuzes. It’s accepted to consider that for the first time the term «Kazakh» in a written source was used in the Arabic -Kypchakdictionary, made in the Kypchak envi­ronment of the Mamelukes state of Egypt in 1245. The word «Kazakh» had meaning «free, wandered». The gi­ven semantics allowed to consider, that a social sense was put in the term «Kazak» and meant an individual man separated from their clan, tribe, state, and getting a li­ving by participating in military undertakings.

16. Sh.Ualikanov wrote about kazakh people: “Term "kazakh" reflected lifestyle of the person and all people, concerning with cattle breeding"

17. Kazakh zhuzes In scale of common ethno structural system of the Kazak population a number of ethnic subdivisions in form of three zhuzes (Senior, Middle, and Junior) were formed including mostly kin-tribal groups con­nected by close relatives and unity of the Turkic origin. From ethnic aspect it’s interesting to note anthropological effect of the Mongolian tribes.

18. Zhuz –historical economy region

19. Thank you of attention!