1 / 58

Macromolecules: You are what you eat

Explore the difference between organic and inorganic molecules, focusing on macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Learn about their functions, structures, and importance in living organisms.

mlane
Download Presentation

Macromolecules: You are what you eat

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Macromolecules: You are what you eat

  2. Organic vs. Inorganic • Organic Molecules: Contains Carbon AND associated with life. Inorganic Molecules: Not associated with life… may, or may not contain carbon

  3. Carbon is cool - It can make up to 4 covalent bonds and fold in all kinds of ways!!

  4. CHNOPS… the main elements that make up your body!!!!(Carbon; Hydrogen; Nitrogen; Oxygen; Phosphorus; Sulfur)

  5. What are Macromolecules? • Nutrients provide the raw materials required for growth, repair and energy for living things. We obtain these nutrients as part of our diet. Some nutrients are required in large amounts to support cellular health, including carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

  6. 4 Types of Macromolecules • Carbohydrates: Sugars + Starches • Lipids: Fats and Oils • Protein: Muscle Tissue • Nucleic Acids: Microscopic Genetic Material

  7. Macromolecules • Macro means: • Large • Molecule: • Compound formed From 2 or more atom. Many One

  8. Fatty acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid amino acid – – – – – – Glycerol Building important polymers Carbohydrates = built from sugars sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar Lipids = built from fatty acid & glycerol Proteins = built from amino acids Nucleic acids (DNA) = built from nucleotides nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide

  9. Identify each example according to type of macromolecule. . .

  10. Butter

  11. Chicken Breast

  12. Bread

  13. Fish Filet

  14. Pizza Grease

  15. Corn Syrup

  16. DNA

  17. Digesting Macromolecules gives us energy ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP starch glucose ATP

  18. AnyQuestions?

  19. Stop & Read through questions in Carbohydrates • Work on your own • Pg 34–35 AND 44-48

  20. Carbohydrates

  21. Carbohydrates are built from sugars sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar – sugar

  22. Function of Carbohydrates • quick energy • energy storage • Structure starch

  23. Glucose Monomer Starch Glycogen Cellulose

  24. BIG carbohydrates chitin • structure in arthropods & fungi • exoskeleton

  25. Helpful bacteria • How can cows digest cellulose so well? • BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals Eeeew…Chewingcud?

  26. Different Diets of Herbivores Cow can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars Gorilla can’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet

  27. Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides • The monomer of carbohydrates is a single sugar with the chemical formula of C6H12O6 • These simple sugars are called Monosaccharides • All monosaccharides have the same chemical formula, but different shapes. • Examples: • Glucose • Fructose • Galactose

  28. Carbohydrates: Disaccharides • Disaccharide = Double sugar. • They’re made by joining 2 monosaccharides

  29. Carbohydrates: Polysaccharides • Polysaccharide = Many sugars • This is a long chain of monosaccharides • Examples: • Starch: Grain Foods • Cellulose: Plant fiber

  30. Nucleic acids: Information molecules

  31. proteins DNA Nucleic Acids • Function: • genetic material • stores information • transfers information

  32. sugar N base phosphate Nucleic acids • Monomer (building block) = nucleotides Nitrogen basesI’m the A,T,C,G or Upart!

  33. sugar sugar sugar sugar N base N base N base N base phosphate phosphate phosphate phosphate Nucleotide chains • Nucleic acids • nucleotides chained into a polymer strong bonds RNA

  34. Nucleic Acids Examples • DNA • RNA RNA

  35. That’s One Big Fatty Acid! Concentrated energy molecules Lipids

  36. Lipids • Examples • fats • oils • waxes • hormones • sex hormones • testosterone (male) • estrogen (female)

  37. Glycerol HEAD Fatty Acid TAIL

  38. Another way to Illustrate Lipids Head Tail

  39. Lipids • Function: • energy storage • very concentrated • twice the energy as carbohydrates! • cell membrane • cushions organs • insulates body • think whale blubber!

  40. Other Functions of Lipids in your Body • Sex Hormones (Look WAY different than the other lipids… they are in rings). • Signals from one body system to another.

  41. Why are some fats solid and others liquid?

  42. Quiz

  43. Saturated vs. UnsaturatedAnimal (solid) vs. Plant (liquid) saturated unsaturated 

  44. Proteins!

  45. Amine

More Related