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America's Foreign Dilemmas: Challenges and Policies

Explore the foreign policy challenges faced by Presidents Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe, and how they navigated them. From British and French conflicts to pirate attacks and supporting Latin American nations, discover the decisions that shaped America's role on the global stage.

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America's Foreign Dilemmas: Challenges and Policies

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  1. Chapter 12Foreign Affairsin theYoung Nation

  2. C12.2 President Washington Creates a Foreign Policy Problems/Threats • British controlled Canada • British had forts on U.S. land (Ohio Valley) • Spain had Florida & Louisiana • France & Britain at war • Should U.S get involved?

  3. Washington’s Policy • neutrality - don’t choose sides - don’t help France or Britain • isolationism - avoid alliances - keep to ourselves

  4. C12.3-4 Dilemma 1: What Should President Adams Do to Protect American Ships?

  5. Problems • US & Britain signed Jay’s Treaty; end Ohio forts • France angry at US • French attack US merchant ships going to Britain • Adams sent 3 reps to France to talk peace • French demanded tribute ($) to talk; angered Americans • Congress prepared for war • recruited 10,000 soldiers • built 12 ships • paid privateers to attack French ships

  6. Actions • Adams against war • Sent peace mission to France • new French ruler Napoleon agreed to peace • U.S. & France ended alliance • Many Americans against peace with France • Adams lost reelection

  7. C12.5-6 Dilemma 2: How Should Pres. Jefferson Deal with Pirates?

  8. Problems • Britain & France at war • Both attacked U.S. trade ships • Britain impressed American sailors • Pirates in N. Africa held merchant ships for ransom • U.S. paid tribute to keep ships safe • Tripoli (a Barbary state in N. Africa) demanded more $ and declared war on U.S

  9. Actions • Jefferson sent warships -protect U.S. ships -attack Tripoli • U.S. & Tripoli signed treaty, end tribute • U.S. destroyed other pirate bases • Embargo Act (1807) ended trade to stop British & French attacks on ships - Americans lost jobs - repealed in 1809 - attacks continued

  10. C12.7-8 Dilemma 3: What Should President Madison Do to Protect Sailors and Settlers?

  11. Problems • British & French attacking U.S. trade ships • British impressing Americans • Madison considered war • New Englanders & Federalists against war - trade with Britain • South & West favored war - Indians attacked settlers with British guns • War Hawks for war - want Canada - want to stand up to British

  12. Actions (War of 1812) • Congress declared war on Britain (1812) • U.S. tried to take Canada; failed • British burned D.C. • British attacked Fort McHenry; failed - Francis Scott Key wrote poem; later national anthem • U.S. defeated 7500 British at New Orleans • Peace treaty signed 2 weeks earlier (Treaty of Ghent, 1815)

  13. Results - War of 1812 • Neither side won • Indian resistance weakened; leave Ohio • National pride grew • Federalist Party weakened • Two war generals later become presidents: • William Henry Harrison • Andrew Jackson

  14. C12.9-10 Dilemma 4: What Should President Monroe Do to Support the New Latin American Nations?

  15. Problems • Miguel Hidalgo led Mexican Rev. against Spain • 1821 Mexico won independence • Simon Bolivar & Jose de San Martin led revolutions against Spain in South America • 1825, last Spanish troops left Latin America • U.S. supported revolutions • Some Europeans wanted to help Spain get land back • Monroe wondered

  16. Actions • Monroe made speech to Congress • Announced his policy called “Monroe Doctrine” • Warned Europeans stay out of Latin America • U.S. would stop them • U.S. wanted to be dominant influence in Americas • Showed world U.S. was strong; confident

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